The principle of flat-plate collector

Thanks to greater absorbtion area flat-plate collectors are more efficient than vacuum tube systems in summer so the water is heated up faster. In winter it’s not applicable due to lack of thermal insulation.

Applications: excellent for on-beach applications, summer kitchens and cafes, as well as for heating pool in summer

Pros: much cheaper than vacuum tube systems and more effective in summer

Cons: useless in cold temperatures